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The
basis of the philosophy of the Dunfirth Commune is "identifying"
the personalities of autistic persons, establishing their
capacities, according to their abilities and personal dignity,
for profiting from education, training, care, and participation
in the development of the commune." ( quote from the folder
of the Irish Autism Association). The community creates a
home-like environment and both management and personnel are
aware of the individual needs of the residents and of the
wishes of their parents. A close collaboration between the
community's personnel and the parents encourages the achievement
of mutual respect and trust, so that the residents can prosper
and develop in a pleasant environment, without stress.
A concise description of the Danforth Commune was written
by Mr. Jerzy Pomianowski, basing on his interview with the
president of the Irish Autism Association, Mr.Pat Matthews,
which we quote below without abbreviations (from the Information
Quarterly IMPULS no 10).
The DC Community (Dunfirth Community Centre in County Kildare)
was established in 1983. It occupies 7O acres, and is situated
5 km away from the nearest settlement. It started with one
house and has grown to its present size, comprises 11 houses,
which provides residence for one, two, three, or four occupants.
These houses form a settlement with three modules. At present
DC is the "mother" of a network of 6 centers situated in different
parts of Ireland, which are in different stages of organization.
At present 36 patients live in DC. They are called co-workers:
32 men and 4 women, at the age of from teens to the thirties.
There are about thirty employees (instructors), one manager,
three local managers, one for each module, and teams composed
of several people for separate modules and tasks. No employee
lives permanently in DC. They reside in neighboring villages,
5O% quite close, the rest at a larger distance. They commute
to work;some of them occasionally stay for a night shift.
Daily occupations are organized according to an intensive
program, alternating training (instruction) with work and
rest. The type of main activity one will engage in is planned
individually: work on the farm (production of organic food,
which is then sold in neighboring groceries and hotels), weaving
, pottery, work in the kitchen, and other auxiliary jobs,
such as wall painting etc.) During the day the instructors
work with the patients in the following proportion: during
training one instructor has two assistants, during rest, one
instructor has four co-workers. There are night shifts (the
personnel on duty sleep in special rooms). Usually there are
three or four instructors on a night shift, who watch over
separate modules. One four- person house is reserved for patients
with sleeping problems. These night shifts are rotated.
Five or six farmers are employed for work in the fields, working
together with residents. During the weekends and vacations
some of the patients go for excursions which they plan themselves,
at home or abroad. e.g. in July 1996 five patients with three
accompanying personnel went to Morocco.
DC
does not employ any medical personnel. Some of the workers
have nursing training, but they work in other areas. Medical
services are provided by the doctors and personnel of the
general (in Ireland, as in England) state run health service.
There also exists a health service based on family doctors
and specialists.
Drugs are administered for medical reasons exclusively; they
are not used for behavior correcting or control. This is achieved
through training and adjusting the patient to the DC conditions
(the results are said to be astonishing). In case of the appearance
of new symptoms (obsessions, etc.) the personnel strive to
modify the patient's environment, and wait with patient watchfulness
for the symptoms to recede.
The expected result of the therapy is that the patient will
achieve a status in the Commonwealth and think of himself
as a farmer, a cook, a weaver, a painter etc.
DC is partly self-supporting. Money collected from different
sources and partly from parents and donations. Some of these
funds are invested, creating a basic capital.
The
aim of DC is assuring the patients a decent life, "with respect
for their dignity and wishes."
Summary
The authors of the monograph on European farms (Jane J. Giddan,
Norman S. Giddan) list the following characteristics of the
farms:
1) They are situated in rural areas, where soil cultivation,
gardening and housework constitute a basis of meaningful work,
and provide varied forms of activities, suited to the needs
and abilities of individuals
.
2) The experience of residents is connected with everyday
living and work performed, as well as leisure (rest) time
is integrated in a stable permanent situation, and determined
by a natural cycle of the day and season.
3) The independence of the residents and the personnel, whose
common, arm-in-arm efforts overcome the social isolation of
an autistic person.
4) In planning the program there is individualization, taking
into con-sideration the needs, abilities, and preferences
of every person. This is com-municated in writing to all persons
included in contact with the given patient.
5) The principles of behavior modification and structured
instruction regulate everyday life, tuition, problem solving,
and help to control difficult behavior.
6) Insistence on constant training of the personnel, with
sensible use of professional consultants.
7) The stress is on communication, emphasizing visual means,
based on sequences of pictures, sign language, and on communication
systems stressing the meaning of words.
8) Patients are included into a broader local community, outside
of the residence;.
9) Family support is constant and utilizes various means (visits,
holidays, celebrations, letters, telephone conversations,
etc.)
The
monograph is certainly very useful to parents intending to
help create a farm for their grown-up children, who are new
to the task. Unfortunately, it does not cover all the questions
we would like to ask, and that is why we are counting on discussion
and sharing the ideas from all people interested in this subject.
Perhaps creating the organization, The Network of International
Farm Communities for Autism- NIFCA, as proposed by Mrs. Jane
J. Giddan at the Congress Autism-Europe in Barcelona will
facilitate the flow of information and permit reaching the
most suitable solution, considering real experiences. I invite
you to take part in the discussion.
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